ABSTRACT
Repair of congenital heart disease in the presence of high pulmonary pressure has always been a contentious issue. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is considered important for establishing operability in these patients. However, PVR estimation is not always accurate and cannot solely be relied upon to make critical decision of operability. Clinical examination, chest X‑ray, and echocardiography are also important indicators of pulmonary vascular disease. Knowledge of pits and falls of each investigation is important for appropriate management in these patients. We present a case report of successfully operated, 6‑year‑old child with anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from aorta, deemed inoperable on the basis of PVR estimation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although conventional four‑ field radiotherapy based on bony landmarks has been traditionally used, areas of geographical miss due to individual variation in pelvic anatomy have been identified with advanced imaging techniques. AIMS: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the geographical miss in patientswhen using the conventional four‑field planningplanning and to find out the impact of 3‑D conformal CT based in patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 50 patients, target volume delineation was done on planning computed tomography (CT) scans, according to guidelines by Taylor et al. Patients were treated with modified four field plan, except for the superior, where field border was kept at L4‑L5 interspace A dosimetric comparison was done between the conventional four‑field based on bony landmarks and the target volume delineated on computed tomography. The disease free survival, pelvic and para aortic nodal free survival, distant failures free survival were calculated using Kaplan Meir Product Limit Method. RESULTS: Patients were followed‑up for a median period of 11 months. The median V95 for conventional and modified extended four field plans were 89.4% and 91.3% respectively. Patients with V95 for modified extended pelvic fields less than 91.3% had a trend toward inferior disease free survival (mean DFS 9.8 vs. 13.9 months) though the difference was not statistically significant log rank test. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data shows trend toward lower DFS in patients with inadequate target volume coverage. We recommend routine use of CT based planning for four field technique.
ABSTRACT
Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases has been of interest for many years. Thus a real need exists to protect our immune systems and lead healthier lives. Hence the present study is aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of Flavanoid of Kigelia africana. The effect of flavanoid of Kigelia africana on the immune system of rats and mice was evaluated by using different experimental models such asmice lethality test, Serum immunoglobulin level, Haemagglutination reaction, hypersensitivity reaction, and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction test. Flavanoid of Kigelia africana was administered orally at low dose and high dose of 100mg/kg/day, poand 200 mg/kg/day, po respectively and Levamisole (2.5 mg/kg/day, po) was used as standard drug. Flavanoid of Kigelia africanain both doses increased the levels of serum immunoglobulin and prevented the mortality induced by bovine Pasteurella multocida in mice. Exhibits a dose related increase in the early hypersensitivity reaction and Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to the SRBC antigen. It also resulted in a significant increase in the antibody titer value, to SRBC, in experimental animals. Hence, it was concluded that flavanoid of Kigelia africana increases both humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity.
ABSTRACT
Background: Histopathology is a gold standard diagnostic tool for many lesions. Interpretation of tissue sections is a pivotal step in giving the diagnosis. Usually, initial tissue sections may not show complete features of the lesion, so deeper sections of the specimen may play a significant role at times for final diagnosis. In small biopsy specimens, deeper sectioning is routinely used in many laboratories to enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnosis. Aim: To analyze the percentage of deeper sections taken and its significance in the final diagnosis of oral lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 cases from the files of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh were analyzed, and cases of deeper sections were selected. The present retrospective study involves comparison of initial histological findings with those seen in deeper tissue levels of same specimen. Results: 40 cases (8%) were selected for our analysis. Out of these, 19 cases (47.5%) required deeper sections as the initial sections were superficial and undiagnostic. 21 (52.5%) cases were advised for additional sections to confirm, rule out or clarify certain diagnoses, out of which 15 (37.5%) disclosed additional pathological findings, whereas 6 cases (15%) showed the same histological features. Conclusions: Diagnostic laboratories must balance the utility of deeper levels with the additional time required and expense incurred and the impact on patient care. Deeper sections are inevitable in certain situations and periodical auditing of laboratory work will reduce the need for additional sections and delay in the dispatch of biopsy report.
Subject(s)
Biopsy/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Histological Techniques/methods , Humans , Mouth Diseases/pathology , Pathology, Clinical/methods , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Systemic hypertension is not usually a complication following repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). We report an infant with supracardiac TAPVC with hypertensive crises post-operatively resulting in pulmonary edema. We feel this might have been related to the pre-operative hemodynamics as described. Beta-blockers improved the hypertensive crises.